Everything about Namestnik Of The Kingdom Of Poland totally explained
Namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland was the
title of the official representatives of the
king of Poland (for example
tsar of Russia, who used that title in that period) in
Congress Poland, which existed from 1815 to 1874. Between 1874 and 1914, as Congress Poland became the
Vistulan Country, the title of
namestnik was replaced by the title of
Governor-General of Warsaw .
The office was introduced by the
Constitution of Congress Poland in 1815 and described in Chapter 3 (On the Namestnik and Council of State). The namestnik was chosen by the tsar from among the noble citizens of the Russian Empire or the Kingdom of Poland, excluding
naturalized citizens. The namestnik supervised the entire
public administration, and in the absence of the monarch, chaired the
Council of State, as well as the
Administrative Council. He had the right to
veto the council's decisions; other than that his decisions had to be
countersigned by the appropriate
minister. He had wide legislative rights: he could propose candidates for most senior official positions (ministers,
senators, judges of the High Tribunal, councilors of the state,
referendaries, as well as
bishops and
archbishops).
The namestnik had no competences in the realm of finances and foreign policy; his military competences varied. In case the namestnik was unable to hold his office due to resignation or death, his function was temporarily held by the president of the Council of State.
The office of namestnik was never abolished; however, after the
January Uprising it disappeared along with the Congress Kingdom. The last namestnik was
Fyodor Berg, who served from
1863 to
1874. No namestnik was nominated to replace him after his death in 1874; however, the role of the namestniks -
viceroys in the former Congress Kingdom, now the
Vistulan Country - passed to the
Governors-General of
Warsaw – or to be more specific, of the
Warsaw Military District (). However in internal correspondence of offices` of Russian Empire he was still named as namestnik.
The governors-general were directly subordinate to the tsar and had much wider powers compared to the namestniks. In particular, they'd control over all of the military forces in the region, and were the overseers of the juridical systems (they could pronounce
death sentences without trials). They could also issue "
declarations with the force of
statutes", which could change existing laws.
Namiestniks of the Kingdom of Poland
Governors-General of Warsaw
Pavel Kotsebu (1874–80)
Pyotr Albedinsky (1880–83)
Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko (1883–94)
Pavel Andreyevich Shuvalov (1894–1896)
Alexander Imeretinsky (1896–1900)
Mikhail Chertkov (1900–05)
Konstantin Maximovich (1905)
Georgi Skalon (1905–14)
Yakov Zhilinsky (1914)
Pavel Yengalychev (1914–1915)Further Information
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